Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A common disorder affecting the large intestine, causing cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation.
Overview
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine. Signs and symptoms include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation, or both. IBS is a chronic condition that you'll need to manage long term. Unlike inflammatory bowel disease, IBS doesn't cause changes in bowel tissue or increase your risk of colorectal cancer.
Common Age
Usually begins before age 50
Prevalence
Affects 10-15% of the population
Duration
Chronic condition that requires ongoing management
Common Symptoms
- Abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating related to passing a bowel movement
- Changes in appearance of bowel movements
- Changes in frequency of bowel movements
- Diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between both
- Excess gas
- Mucus in stool
- Feeling like bowel movement is incomplete
- Symptoms often worse after eating
Possible Causes
- Muscle contractions in the intestine
- Nervous system abnormalities
- Severe infection (post-infectious IBS)
- Early life stress
- Changes in gut microbes
- Food sensitivities
- Triggers include stress, hormonal changes, and certain foods
Note: These are potential causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the specific cause in your case.
Quick Self-Care Tips
- 1Keep a food diary to identify triggers
- 2Eat at regular times and don't skip meals
- 3Avoid foods that trigger your symptoms
- 4Exercise regularly
- 5Get enough sleep
- 6Manage stress with relaxation techniques
- 7Consider probiotics
- 8Limit caffeine and alcohol
Disclaimer: These are general wellness suggestions, not medical treatment recommendations. They may help manage symptoms but should not replace professional medical care.
Detailed Treatment & Solutions
1DIETARY CHANGES
Try the low-FODMAP diet (eliminates fermentable carbohydrates that trigger IBS). Common triggers include dairy, wheat, beans, onions, garlic, and artificial sweeteners. Eat smaller, more frequent meals. Drink plenty of water. Increase fiber gradually.
2FIBER MANAGEMENT
For constipation-predominant IBS, gradually increase soluble fiber (oats, psyllium). For diarrhea-predominant IBS, limit insoluble fiber (wheat bran, raw vegetables). Increase fiber slowly to avoid worsening gas and bloating.
3STRESS MANAGEMENT
Stress is a major trigger. Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga. Consider cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which has been shown to help IBS. Regular exercise also reduces stress and improves symptoms.
4MEDICATIONS
For constipation: fiber supplements, laxatives, linaclotide (Linzess). For diarrhea: loperamide (Imodium), rifaximin (Xifaxan), eluxadoline. For pain: antispasmodics (dicyclomine), peppermint oil capsules, low-dose tricyclic antidepressants.
5PROBIOTICS
May help balance gut bacteria. Look for strains like Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus plantarum, or combination products. Results vary; try for at least 4 weeks to assess effectiveness.
6GUT-DIRECTED HYPNOTHERAPY
A specialized form of hypnotherapy targeting the gut-brain connection. Has strong evidence for reducing IBS symptoms. May be available through specialized practitioners or apps.
Important: Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment regimen. The solutions above are for educational purposes and may not be suitable for everyone.
Risk Factors
- Female sex
- Age under 50
- Family history
- History of anxiety, depression, or abuse
- Severe gastrointestinal infection
Prevention
- Cannot be prevented
- Symptoms can be managed through diet, lifestyle, and stress management
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- You have new or worsening symptoms
- There's blood in your stool
- You have unexplained weight loss
- You have severe pain that's not relieved by passing gas or bowel movement
- Symptoms are significantly impacting your life
- You have symptoms at night that wake you up
Talk to a Healthcare Provider
If your symptoms are persistent, severe, or concerning, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalized advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
QWhat's the difference between IBS and IBD?
IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) is a functional disorder affecting how the bowel works. IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, including Crohn's and ulcerative colitis) causes actual inflammation and damage to the digestive tract. IBS doesn't cause the bowel damage or increase cancer risk that IBD can.
QCan IBS be cured?
There's no cure for IBS, but symptoms can often be well-controlled through diet, lifestyle changes, stress management, and medications. Many people find significant relief with the right combination of treatments.
Related Conditions
Bloating
A feeling of fullness and tightness in the abdomen, often with visible swelling.
Constipation
Infrequent bowel movements or difficulty passing stool.
Diarrhea
Loose, watery stools occurring more frequently than usual.
Anxiety
Feelings of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Information last reviewed: January 2026
This page provides educational information only. It is not medical advice.