Rheumatoid Arthritis
An autoimmune disease causing chronic inflammation of the joints.
This condition typically requires medical attention
If you suspect you have rheumatoid arthritis, please consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment.
Overview
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints (synovium), causing painful inflammation. Unlike osteoarthritis (wear-and-tear), RA affects joints symmetrically and can also affect organs. It typically starts in smaller joints (hands, feet) and can lead to joint damage and deformity if untreated. Early aggressive treatment can prevent damage and achieve remission.
Common Age
Usually develops between ages 30-60; can occur at any age
Prevalence
Affects about 1% of population; 2-3x more common in women
Duration
Lifelong chronic condition; early treatment can achieve remission
Common Symptoms
- Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness
- Morning stiffness lasting over an hour
- Affects joints symmetrically (both hands, both knees)
- Small joints affected first (fingers, toes)
- Fatigue
- Low-grade fever
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Rheumatoid nodules (firm bumps under skin)
- Joint deformity over time
- May affect eyes, lungs, heart
Possible Causes
- Autoimmune dysfunction
- Genetic factors (HLA-DR4 gene)
- Environmental triggers (smoking, infections)
- Hormonal factors (more common in women)
- Obesity may increase risk
Note: These are potential causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the specific cause in your case.
Quick Self-Care Tips
- 1Start treatment early—don't delay
- 2Take medications as prescribed
- 3Stay active with gentle exercise
- 4Protect your joints
- 5Stop smoking
- 6Maintain healthy weight
- 7Get adequate rest
- 8Consider physical/occupational therapy
Disclaimer: These are general wellness suggestions, not medical treatment recommendations. They may help manage symptoms but should not replace professional medical care.
Detailed Treatment & Solutions
1DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs)
Methotrexate is first-line treatment. Slows disease progression. Other DMARDs: hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, leflunomide.
2BIOLOGIC DMARDs
For inadequate response to conventional DMARDs. TNF inhibitors (adalimumab, etanercept), IL-6 inhibitors, JAK inhibitors. Very effective but expensive.
3NSAIDs AND STEROIDS
NSAIDs for pain relief. Steroids for flares or while waiting for DMARDs to work. Goal: minimize long-term steroid use.
4PHYSICAL THERAPY
Exercises to maintain joint mobility and strength. Learn joint protection techniques. Assistive devices if needed.
5LIFESTYLE
Low-impact exercise (swimming, walking). Anti-inflammatory diet. Weight management. Adequate sleep. Stress management.
6MONITORING
Regular blood tests for medication side effects and disease activity. Annual eye exams if on hydroxychloroquine. Cardiovascular risk management.
Important: Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment regimen. The solutions above are for educational purposes and may not be suitable for everyone.
Risk Factors
- Female gender
- Family history
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Certain genes
Prevention
- Not preventable; early treatment prevents joint damage
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- Persistent joint pain and swelling
- Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
- Joint symptoms affecting daily activities
- Family history of RA
- Any new symptoms while on treatment
Talk to a Healthcare Provider
If your symptoms are persistent, severe, or concerning, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalized advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
QCan rheumatoid arthritis go into remission?
Yes! With modern treatments, especially when started early, many people achieve remission or low disease activity. "Remission" means minimal or no symptoms and no ongoing joint damage. Some people can even reduce medications while maintaining remission.
QIs rheumatoid arthritis hereditary?
RA has a genetic component—having a family member with RA increases your risk. However, most people with the genes never develop RA. Environmental factors like smoking also play a role. It's not directly inherited like some conditions.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Information last reviewed: January 2026
This page provides educational information only. It is not medical advice.