Restless Leg Syndrome

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. These sensations are typically worse in the evening and at night, and are temporarily relieved by movement. RLS can significantly disrupt sleep, leading to chronic sleep deprivation and daytime fatigue. Many people with RLS also experience periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) - involuntary leg jerks that further fragment sleep. The condition ranges from mild and occasional to severe and daily, with symptoms that can significantly impact quality of life, relationships, and ability to work. RLS often runs in families and can begin at any age, though symptoms typically worsen with age.

The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but research points to several factors: Brain Chemistry: - Dysfunction in dopamine pathways - Abnormalities in iron handling in the brain - Even with normal blood iron, brain iron may be low Genetics: - About 40-60% of RLS cases have a family history - Several genes have been identified - Often starts earlier in familial cases Secondary Causes: - Iron deficiency (most important treatable cause) - Kidney failure - Diabetes - Peripheral neuropathy - Parkinson's disease - Pregnancy (usually resolves after delivery) Medications That Can Worsen RLS: - Antihistamines - Anti-nausea drugs - Antidepressants (most types) - Antipsychotics