Alopecia Areata
An autoimmune condition causing patchy hair loss on the scalp and body.
Overview
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, causing hair to fall out in round patches. It can affect the scalp, beard, eyebrows, eyelashes, or any hair-bearing area. The condition is unpredictable—hair may regrow on its own, or the condition may progress to total scalp hair loss (alopecia totalis) or complete body hair loss (alopecia universalis). While not medically dangerous, it can be emotionally challenging.
Common Age
Can occur at any age; most common before age 30
Prevalence
Affects about 2% of people at some point in their lives
Duration
Unpredictable; may resolve spontaneously or become chronic
Common Symptoms
- Round or oval bald patches
- Patches appear suddenly (days to weeks)
- Smooth, skin-colored bald spots
- "Exclamation point" hairs at patch edges
- Tingling or burning before hair loss
- Nail pitting or ridges
- Hair may regrow white or gray initially
- Can affect any hair-bearing area
Possible Causes
- Autoimmune attack on hair follicles
- Genetic predisposition
- Family history of autoimmune diseases
- Triggered by stress or illness
- Associated with other autoimmune conditions
- Environmental triggers
- Viral infections may trigger episodes
Note: These are potential causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the specific cause in your case.
Quick Self-Care Tips
- 1See a dermatologist for proper diagnosis
- 2Consider corticosteroid injections
- 3Protect bald areas from sun
- 4Explore wigs, hairpieces, or head coverings
- 5Join a support group
- 6Manage stress
- 7Be patient—regrowth can take months
- 8Explore clinical trials for new treatments
Disclaimer: These are general wellness suggestions, not medical treatment recommendations. They may help manage symptoms but should not replace professional medical care.
Detailed Treatment & Solutions
1CORTICOSTEROID INJECTIONS
Most common treatment. Doctor injects steroids directly into bald patches every 4-6 weeks. Often effective for limited patches. Hair typically regrows within 4 weeks.
2TOPICAL TREATMENTS
Minoxidil (Rogaine) can help regrowth. Topical corticosteroids may reduce inflammation. Anthralin cream applied briefly can stimulate regrowth.
3JAK INHIBITORS
New FDA-approved treatments (baricitinib/Olumiant) for severe alopecia areata. Taken as daily pills. Can produce significant regrowth in many patients.
4IMMUNOTHERAPY
Chemicals applied to scalp to cause allergic reaction that may redirect immune system. Used for extensive alopecia. Requires regular clinic visits.
5SUPPORTIVE CARE
High-quality wigs and hairpieces. Eyebrow tattooing or microblading. False eyelashes. Sun protection for scalp. Counseling for emotional impact.
6LIFESTYLE SUPPORT
Anti-inflammatory diet. Stress reduction techniques. Adequate sleep. Support groups like National Alopecia Areata Foundation.
Important: Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment regimen. The solutions above are for educational purposes and may not be suitable for everyone.
Risk Factors
- Family history
- Other autoimmune diseases
- Down syndrome
- Stress
- Allergies
Prevention
- Not preventable; managing stress may reduce flares
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- You notice sudden patchy hair loss
- Hair loss is spreading rapidly
- You want to explore treatment options
- Hair loss is affecting your mental health
- You have symptoms of other autoimmune conditions
Talk to a Healthcare Provider
If your symptoms are persistent, severe, or concerning, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalized advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
QWill my hair grow back?
In many cases, yes. About 50% of people with limited alopecia areata see regrowth within a year, even without treatment. However, recurrence is common. More extensive forms (totalis, universalis) have lower spontaneous regrowth rates but may respond to newer treatments like JAK inhibitors.
QIs alopecia areata contagious?
No, alopecia areata is not contagious. It is an autoimmune condition where your own immune system attacks hair follicles. You cannot catch it from someone else.
Related Conditions
Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
A condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough hormones.
Androgenetic Alopecia (Male/Female Pattern Baldness)
The most common type of hair loss, caused by genetics and hormones.
Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
A condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
An autoimmune disease causing chronic inflammation of the joints.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Information last reviewed: January 2026
This page provides educational information only. It is not medical advice.