GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
A chronic digestive disease where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and irritation.
Overview
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your esophagus. Many people experience acid reflux occasionally, but GERD is when reflux occurs frequently and becomes troublesome.
Common Age
Can occur at any age; prevalence increases with age
Prevalence
Affects about 20% of the US population
Duration
Chronic condition requiring ongoing management
Common Symptoms
- Burning sensation in chest (heartburn), usually after eating
- Chest pain
- Difficulty swallowing
- Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
- Sensation of a lump in throat
- Chronic cough
- Laryngitis or hoarseness
- New or worsening asthma
- Disrupted sleep
Possible Causes
- Weakened lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
- Hiatal hernia
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Certain foods (fatty, fried, spicy, citrus, tomato)
- Alcohol and caffeine
- Smoking
- Certain medications
- Eating large meals or eating late at night
Note: These are potential causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the specific cause in your case.
Quick Self-Care Tips
- 1Avoid foods that trigger symptoms
- 2Eat smaller meals
- 3Don't lie down for 3 hours after eating
- 4Elevate the head of your bed 6-8 inches
- 5Maintain a healthy weight
- 6Quit smoking
- 7Avoid tight-fitting clothing
- 8Take over-the-counter antacids or acid reducers
Disclaimer: These are general wellness suggestions, not medical treatment recommendations. They may help manage symptoms but should not replace professional medical care.
Detailed Treatment & Solutions
1DIETARY MODIFICATIONS
Avoid trigger foods (fatty/fried foods, tomato sauce, citrus, chocolate, mint, garlic, onions, caffeine). Eat smaller, more frequent meals. Stop eating 3 hours before bedtime. Chew food thoroughly.
2LIFESTYLE CHANGES
Lose weight if overweight (even 10% loss helps). Quit smoking. Avoid tight belts and waistbands. Don't bend over or exercise immediately after eating. Manage stress.
3SLEEP POSITION
Elevate the head of your bed 6-8 inches using bed risers or a wedge pillow (extra pillows don't work as well). Sleep on your left side, which can help reduce reflux.
4MEDICATIONS
Antacids for quick relief (Tums, Rolaids). H2 blockers (famotidine/Pepcid) reduce acid production. Proton pump inhibitors/PPIs (omeprazole/Prilosec, esomeprazole/Nexium) are most effective for healing and preventing damage.
5NATURAL REMEDIES
Ginger tea may help some people. Slippery elm and licorice root (DGL) are sometimes used. Avoid peppermint, which can worsen symptoms. Chewing gum after meals may help by increasing saliva production.
6MEDICAL PROCEDURES
For severe GERD not controlled by medication: Fundoplication surgery strengthens the LES. LINX device (magnetic ring) placed around the junction of stomach and esophagus. These are reserved for cases not responding to other treatments.
Important: Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment regimen. The solutions above are for educational purposes and may not be suitable for everyone.
Risk Factors
- Obesity
- Hiatal hernia
- Pregnancy
- Smoking
- Asthma
- Diabetes
- Connective tissue disorders
- Delayed stomach emptying
Prevention
- Maintaining healthy weight
- Not smoking
- Avoiding trigger foods
- Not eating close to bedtime
- Elevating head of bed
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- Heartburn occurs more than twice a week
- Symptoms persist despite over-the-counter medications
- You have difficulty swallowing
- You have persistent nausea or vomiting
- You have weight loss due to difficulty eating
- You have chest pain (to rule out heart problems)
Talk to a Healthcare Provider
If your symptoms are persistent, severe, or concerning, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalized advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
QCan GERD cause cancer?
Long-term, untreated GERD can lead to a condition called Barrett's esophagus, which can slightly increase the risk of esophageal cancer. This is why managing GERD and having regular check-ups is important.
QIs it safe to take PPIs long-term?
PPIs are generally safe for long-term use when needed, but there are some concerns about long-term use affecting nutrient absorption and other issues. Discuss with your doctor about the lowest effective dose and whether long-term use is necessary for you.
Related Conditions
Acid Reflux / Heartburn
A burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus.
Bloating
A feeling of fullness and tightness in the abdomen, often with visible swelling.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Information last reviewed: January 2026
This page provides educational information only. It is not medical advice.