Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A hormonal disorder causing irregular periods, excess androgens, and ovarian cysts.
Overview
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It's characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, elevated levels of male hormones (androgens), and multiple small cysts on the ovaries. PCOS can cause symptoms like acne, excess hair growth, weight gain, and hair thinning. It's also a leading cause of infertility. While there's no cure, symptoms can be managed with lifestyle changes and medication.
Common Age
Reproductive years (15-44); often diagnosed in 20s-30s
Prevalence
Affects 6-12% of women of reproductive age
Duration
Lifelong condition; symptoms may improve with menopause
Common Symptoms
- Irregular, infrequent, or absent periods
- Heavy bleeding when periods occur
- Excess facial and body hair (hirsutism)
- Severe acne
- Male-pattern baldness or thinning hair
- Weight gain, especially around waist
- Difficulty losing weight
- Darkened skin patches (neck, groin)
- Skin tags
- Fertility problems
- Mood changes and depression
Possible Causes
- Excess insulin (insulin resistance)
- Excess androgens (male hormones)
- Genetic factors
- Low-grade inflammation
- Hormonal imbalances
- Obesity (can worsen symptoms)
Note: These are potential causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the specific cause in your case.
Quick Self-Care Tips
- 1Maintain healthy weight (even 5-10% loss helps)
- 2Exercise regularly (150 min/week)
- 3Eat low-glycemic foods
- 4Limit refined carbohydrates
- 5Take prescribed medications consistently
- 6Monitor for diabetes symptoms
- 7Track your menstrual cycles
- 8Manage stress
Disclaimer: These are general wellness suggestions, not medical treatment recommendations. They may help manage symptoms but should not replace professional medical care.
Detailed Treatment & Solutions
1LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS
Weight loss of 5-10% can restore ovulation and improve symptoms. Low-glycemic diet reduces insulin. Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity. This is first-line treatment.
2BIRTH CONTROL PILLS
Regulate periods, reduce androgens, clear acne, slow hair growth. Various formulations available. Long-term use is safe for most women.
3METFORMIN
Diabetes medication that improves insulin sensitivity. May help with weight loss and regulate periods. Often used alongside other treatments.
4ANTI-ANDROGENS
Spironolactone blocks male hormone effects. Helps with acne and excess hair. Must use birth control as can cause birth defects.
5FERTILITY TREATMENTS
Clomiphene or letrozole to induce ovulation. Metformin may improve fertility. IVF if other treatments fail.
6HAIR MANAGEMENT
Laser hair removal, electrolysis. Eflornithine cream for facial hair. Shaving, waxing for immediate results.
7LONG-TERM HEALTH
Screen for diabetes regularly. Monitor heart health. Mental health support for depression/anxiety.
Important: Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment regimen. The solutions above are for educational purposes and may not be suitable for everyone.
Risk Factors
- Family history
- Obesity
- Insulin resistance
- Sedentary lifestyle
Prevention
- Maintaining healthy weight may reduce severity; not fully preventable
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- Irregular or missed periods
- Difficulty getting pregnant
- Signs of high androgens (excess hair, severe acne)
- Symptoms of diabetes
- Depression or mood changes
Talk to a Healthcare Provider
If your symptoms are persistent, severe, or concerning, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalized advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
QCan I get pregnant with PCOS?
Yes, many women with PCOS can get pregnant, though it may take longer or require treatment. Lifestyle changes, ovulation-inducing medications, and fertility treatments are effective for many women. Work with a fertility specialist if you're having difficulty.
QWill PCOS go away after menopause?
Some symptoms like irregular periods and fertility issues resolve after menopause. However, metabolic issues (insulin resistance, diabetes risk) and cardiovascular risks may persist. Maintaining healthy lifestyle remains important.
Related Conditions
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Sleep Apnea
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Androgenetic Alopecia (Male/Female Pattern Baldness)
The most common type of hair loss, caused by genetics and hormones.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Information last reviewed: January 2026
This page provides educational information only. It is not medical advice.