Seborrheic Dermatitis
A common skin condition causing scaly, itchy, red skin, especially on the scalp.
Overview
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, chronic skin condition that mainly affects oily areas of the body, especially the scalp, face, and chest. On the scalp, it's known as dandruff (mild form) or cradle cap in infants. It causes scaly patches, red skin, and stubborn dandruff. The exact cause is unknown but likely involves yeast that lives on the skin, excess oil production, and immune response. It's not contagious and can be controlled with treatment.
Common Age
Infants (cradle cap) and adults 30-60
Prevalence
Affects 3-5% of population; dandruff affects up to 50%
Duration
Chronic with flares; often lifelong management
Common Symptoms
- Flaky white or yellow scales (dandruff)
- Red, greasy skin covered with scales
- Itchy scalp, eyebrows, beard area
- Skin flakes on eyebrows, nose, ears
- Rash on chest or back
- Symptoms worse in cold, dry weather
- Flares during stress or illness
- May cause mild hair loss if severe
Possible Causes
- Malassezia yeast on skin
- Excess oil (sebum) production
- Immune system response
- Cold, dry weather
- Stress
- Hormonal changes
- Neurological conditions (Parkinson's)
- HIV/AIDS (severe cases)
Note: These are potential causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the specific cause in your case.
Quick Self-Care Tips
- 1Use medicated anti-dandruff shampoo
- 2Rotate between different active ingredients
- 3Leave shampoo on scalp 5 minutes before rinsing
- 4Wash face twice daily
- 5Use gentle, fragrance-free products
- 6Moisturize skin
- 7Manage stress
- 8Avoid harsh soaps and alcohol-based products
Disclaimer: These are general wellness suggestions, not medical treatment recommendations. They may help manage symptoms but should not replace professional medical care.
Detailed Treatment & Solutions
1MEDICATED SHAMPOOS
Rotate between: pyrithione zinc (Head & Shoulders), selenium sulfide (Selsun Blue), ketoconazole (Nizoral), coal tar, salicylic acid. Use 2-3 times weekly. Leave on 5 minutes.
2ANTIFUNGAL TREATMENTS
Ketoconazole cream or shampoo. Ciclopirox. Target the yeast component. May need prescription strength.
3TOPICAL STEROIDS
Low-potency corticosteroids for inflammation. Use short-term on face. Scalp solutions for scalp involvement.
4CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS
Tacrolimus or pimecrolimus for face. Steroid-sparing option. Safe for long-term use.
5FACIAL CARE
Gentle cleanser twice daily. Non-comedogenic moisturizer. Avoid oily products. Zinc-containing products may help.
6LIFESTYLE
Manage stress. Get adequate sleep. Avoid extreme temperatures. Shower after sweating. Gentle skin care routine.
Important: Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment regimen. The solutions above are for educational purposes and may not be suitable for everyone.
Risk Factors
- Oily skin
- Neurological conditions
- Weakened immune system
- Stress
- Cold weather
Prevention
- Regular use of medicated shampoos can prevent flares
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- Over-the-counter treatments don't help
- Condition is severe or widespread
- Signs of infection (oozing, pain)
- Affecting your quality of life
- Hair loss is occurring
Talk to a Healthcare Provider
If your symptoms are persistent, severe, or concerning, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalized advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
QIs dandruff the same as seborrheic dermatitis?
Dandruff is a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis that only affects the scalp. Seborrheic dermatitis is the term used when it affects other areas (face, chest) or is more severe. The treatments are similar.
QCan seborrheic dermatitis cause hair loss?
Seborrheic dermatitis itself doesn't cause permanent hair loss. However, severe scalp inflammation and scratching can temporarily thin hair. Treating the condition usually allows hair to recover.
Related Conditions
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
A condition that makes skin red, itchy, and inflamed.
Psoriasis
A chronic autoimmune condition causing rapid skin cell buildup, resulting in scaling on the skin's surface.
Rosacea
A chronic skin condition causing facial redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes small, pus-filled bumps.
Psoriasis
A chronic autoimmune skin condition causing red, scaly patches.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Information last reviewed: January 2026
This page provides educational information only. It is not medical advice.