Tinea Capitis (Scalp Ringworm)
A fungal infection of the scalp causing patchy hair loss and scaling.
Overview
Tinea capitis, commonly called scalp ringworm, is a fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair shafts. Despite its name, it's caused by fungi (dermatophytes), not worms. It's highly contagious and most common in children, though adults can get it too. The infection causes round, scaly bald patches, and can cause permanent scarring if severe. Treatment requires oral antifungal medication—topical treatments alone are not effective for scalp ringworm.
Common Age
Most common in children aged 3-14
Prevalence
Common in children; prevalence varies by region
Duration
Resolves with 6-8 weeks of proper treatment
Common Symptoms
- Round, scaly bald patches
- Itchy scalp
- Black dots (broken hair at scalp level)
- Gray, scaly patches
- Swollen lymph nodes in neck
- Kerion (boggy, inflamed mass with pus)
- Brittle hair that breaks easily
- Spreading patches over time
Possible Causes
- Fungal infection (Trichophyton, Microsporum species)
- Person-to-person contact
- Sharing combs, brushes, hats, pillows
- Contact with infected animals (cats, dogs)
- Contaminated surfaces (barber tools)
- Poor hygiene
Note: These are potential causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the specific cause in your case.
Quick Self-Care Tips
- 1See a doctor for diagnosis and prescription treatment
- 2Take full course of oral antifungal medication
- 3Use antifungal shampoo to reduce contagion
- 4Don't share personal items
- 5Wash bedding and hats in hot water
- 6Check family members and pets
- 7Child can return to school after starting treatment
- 8Disinfect combs and brushes
Disclaimer: These are general wellness suggestions, not medical treatment recommendations. They may help manage symptoms but should not replace professional medical care.
Detailed Treatment & Solutions
1ORAL ANTIFUNGAL MEDICATION
Required for tinea capitis—topicals don't penetrate hair follicle. Griseofulvin for 6-8 weeks is traditional. Terbinafine, fluconazole, or itraconazole are alternatives. Must complete full course.
2ANTIFUNGAL SHAMPOO
Ketoconazole 2% or selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoo used 2-3 times weekly. Reduces spore shedding and contagion. Not sufficient as sole treatment.
3KERION TREATMENT
Severe inflammatory type may need oral steroids alongside antifungals. Do NOT incise and drain. May cause permanent scarring without treatment.
4PREVENT SPREAD
Don't share combs, brushes, hats, pillows. Wash bedding in hot water. Disinfect combs with bleach. Check household contacts and pets.
5FOLLOW-UP
Doctor may repeat fungal culture after treatment. Ensure complete clearance. Retreatment if infection persists.
6PET EVALUATION
If pet is source, have veterinarian evaluate and treat. Common in kittens and puppies.
Important: Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment regimen. The solutions above are for educational purposes and may not be suitable for everyone.
Risk Factors
- School-age children
- Crowded living conditions
- Contact with infected people/animals
- Sharing personal items
Prevention
- Don't share combs, hats, or hair accessories
- Good hygiene
- Treat infected pets
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- Any scaly, balding patches on scalp
- Black dots or broken hairs
- Swollen, boggy scalp mass (kerion)
- Symptoms not improving with treatment
- Multiple family members affected
Talk to a Healthcare Provider
If your symptoms are persistent, severe, or concerning, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalized advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
QCan my child go to school with ringworm?
Yes, children can attend school once they've started oral antifungal treatment. Use antifungal shampoo to reduce contagion. They should not share personal items. The infection is most contagious before treatment starts.
QWill the hair grow back?
Usually yes, if treated promptly. Hair regrows as the infection clears. However, severe cases (especially kerion) can cause permanent scarring and bald patches. This is why prompt treatment is important.
Related Conditions
Psoriasis
A chronic autoimmune condition causing rapid skin cell buildup, resulting in scaling on the skin's surface.
Alopecia Areata
An autoimmune condition causing patchy hair loss on the scalp and body.
Psoriasis
A chronic autoimmune skin condition causing red, scaly patches.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
A common skin condition causing scaly, itchy, red skin, especially on the scalp.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Information last reviewed: January 2026
This page provides educational information only. It is not medical advice.