Melanoma (Skin Cancer)

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells that give skin its color. While less common than other skin cancers (basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma), melanoma is more dangerous because it can spread to other parts of the body. **Types of Melanoma:** - **Superficial spreading melanoma:** Most common (70%), tends to grow outward first - **Nodular melanoma:** Grows vertically/deeply faster, often dark colored - **Lentigo maligna melanoma:** Usually in sun-damaged skin of older adults - **Acral lentiginous melanoma:** On palms, soles, under nails; most common in darker-skinned people **ABCDE Warning Signs:** - **A**symmetry: One half doesn't match the other - **B**order: Irregular, ragged, or blurred edges - **C**olor: Not uniform; shades of brown, black, or other colors - **D**iameter: Larger than 6mm (pencil eraser), though can be smaller - **E**volving: Changes in size, shape, color, or symptoms **Key Point:** Melanoma can develop anywhere on the body, including areas not exposed to sun. Regular skin self-exams and professional skin checks are crucial for early detection.

**UV Radiation:** Both UVA and UVB rays damage DNA in skin cells. This damage accumulates over time and can lead to cancer. Tanning beds are particularly dangerous, increasing melanoma risk by 75% when used before age 35. **Skin Type:** People with fair skin, light hair, and light eyes have less melanin, which provides some protection against UV damage. However, melanoma can occur in any skin type. **Moles:** Having many moles or atypical (dysplastic) moles increases risk. Most moles never become cancerous, but melanoma can develop in or near existing moles. **Genetics:** About 10% of melanomas are hereditary. CDKN2A is the most common gene mutation. Family history significantly increases risk. **Immune System:** People with weakened immune systems (organ transplant recipients, HIV patients) have higher melanoma risk.