Seasonal Allergies (Hay Fever)
Allergic reaction to airborne substances like pollen, causing sneezing, itchy eyes, and runny nose.
Overview
Seasonal allergies, also known as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, occur when your immune system overreacts to outdoor allergens like pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds. When these allergens enter your nose, your immune system treats them as invaders, releasing histamines and other chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. Symptoms typically occur during specific seasons when certain plants pollinate.
Common Age
Can begin at any age; often starts in childhood
Prevalence
Affects about 20% of the population
Duration
Seasonal (weeks to months); can become year-round in some cases
Common Symptoms
- Sneezing
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Itchy, watery eyes
- Itchy nose, roof of mouth, or throat
- Postnasal drip
- Coughing
- Facial pressure and pain
- Decreased sense of smell or taste
- Dark circles under eyes (allergic shiners)
Possible Causes
- Tree pollen (spring)
- Grass pollen (late spring, summer)
- Ragweed pollen (fall)
- Mold spores (spring-fall)
- Genetic predisposition
- Weakened immune response
Note: These are potential causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the specific cause in your case.
Quick Self-Care Tips
- 1Check pollen counts and stay indoors when high
- 2Keep windows closed during allergy season
- 3Shower and change clothes after being outside
- 4Use HEPA air filters in your home
- 5Try over-the-counter antihistamines
- 6Use saline nasal rinse
- 7Wear sunglasses outdoors to protect eyes
- 8Avoid hanging laundry outside to dry
Disclaimer: These are general wellness suggestions, not medical treatment recommendations. They may help manage symptoms but should not replace professional medical care.
Detailed Treatment & Solutions
1ANTIHISTAMINES
Over-the-counter options include cetirizine (Zyrtec), loratadine (Claritin), and fexofenadine (Allegra). Non-drowsy formulas available. Take daily during allergy season for best results.
2NASAL SPRAYS
Corticosteroid sprays (Flonase, Nasacort) are most effective for nasal symptoms. Use regularly, not just when symptoms flare. Decongestant sprays only for 3 days max to avoid rebound congestion.
3EYE DROPS
Antihistamine eye drops provide quick relief for itchy eyes. Artificial tears help wash away allergens. Avoid rubbing eyes, which worsens symptoms.
4HOME ENVIRONMENT
Use HEPA filters in air purifiers and vacuum cleaners. Keep humidity below 50% to reduce mold. Wash bedding weekly in hot water. Consider dust mite covers for pillows and mattresses.
5NATURAL REMEDIES
Local honey may help build tolerance (limited evidence). Butterbur supplements have some research support. Neti pot or saline rinse flushes allergens from nasal passages.
6IMMUNOTHERAPY
Allergy shots (subcutaneous immunotherapy) can provide long-term relief. Sublingual tablets available for grass and ragweed allergies. Requires commitment (3-5 years) but can significantly reduce symptoms.
Important: Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment regimen. The solutions above are for educational purposes and may not be suitable for everyone.
Risk Factors
- Family history of allergies
- Having asthma or eczema
- Living in areas with high pollen
- Exposure to secondhand smoke
Prevention
- Limiting outdoor exposure during high pollen times
- Keeping windows closed
- Showering after outdoor activities
- Starting medications before allergy season begins
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- Over-the-counter medications don't provide relief
- Allergies interfere with daily activities or sleep
- You develop sinus infections frequently
- You have asthma and allergies make it worse
- You want to discuss allergy testing or immunotherapy
Talk to a Healthcare Provider
If your symptoms are persistent, severe, or concerning, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalized advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
QCan allergies develop later in life?
Yes, you can develop allergies at any age, even if you've never had them before. Changes in your environment, immune system, or exposure to new allergens can trigger adult-onset allergies.
QWhat's the difference between allergies and a cold?
Allergies cause itchy eyes/nose, clear runny nose, and no fever. They last as long as you're exposed to allergens. Colds cause thicker mucus, sometimes fever, and typically resolve in 7-10 days.
Related Conditions
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
A condition that makes skin red, itchy, and inflamed.
Sinusitis (Sinus Infection)
Inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses.
Asthma
A chronic condition causing inflammation and narrowing of airways, leading to breathing difficulties.
Sinusitis (Sinus Infection)
Inflammation of the sinuses causing facial pain, nasal congestion, and thick nasal discharge.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Information last reviewed: January 2026
This page provides educational information only. It is not medical advice.