Food Allergies
Immune system reaction to certain foods, ranging from mild symptoms to life-threatening anaphylaxis.
This condition typically requires medical attention
If you suspect you have food allergies, please consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment.
Overview
A food allergy is an immune system reaction that occurs soon after eating a certain food. Even a tiny amount of the allergy-causing food can trigger signs and symptoms such as digestive problems, hives, or swollen airways. In some people, a food allergy can cause severe symptoms or even a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylaxis. It's important to distinguish food allergies from food intolerances, which are more common and less serious.
Common Age
Often develops in childhood; some resolve, others lifelong
Prevalence
Affects about 8% of children and 4% of adults
Duration
Often lifelong; some childhood allergies (milk, egg) may be outgrown
Common Symptoms
- Tingling or itching in the mouth
- Hives, itching, or eczema
- Swelling of lips, face, tongue, throat
- Wheezing, nasal congestion, breathing difficulty
- Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
- Dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting
- Anaphylaxis (severe, life-threatening)
Possible Causes
- Peanuts and tree nuts
- Milk and dairy
- Eggs
- Fish and shellfish
- Wheat
- Soy
- Sesame
- Genetic predisposition
- Immune system malfunction
Note: These are potential causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the specific cause in your case.
Quick Self-Care Tips
- 1Read food labels carefully every time
- 2Ask about ingredients when eating out
- 3Carry emergency epinephrine (EpiPen) if prescribed
- 4Wear a medical alert bracelet
- 5Inform friends, family, and coworkers about your allergy
- 6Learn to recognize early symptoms
- 7Always have a reaction plan in place
- 8Avoid cross-contamination when cooking
Disclaimer: These are general wellness suggestions, not medical treatment recommendations. They may help manage symptoms but should not replace professional medical care.
Detailed Treatment & Solutions
1AVOIDANCE
This is the primary treatment. Learn all names for your allergen (e.g., casein for milk). Check labels for "may contain" warnings. Be aware of cross-contamination risks.
2EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
Always carry two epinephrine auto-injectors. Know how to use them. Create an action plan with your doctor. Teach family members and close contacts how to help.
3DINING OUT SAFELY
Inform server and manager about your allergy. Ask how food is prepared. Avoid buffets where cross-contamination is likely. Consider carrying a chef card explaining your allergy.
4LABEL READING
Learn the many names allergens can appear under on labels. Check labels every time - formulas change. "May contain" or "processed in facility with" warnings indicate risk.
5MANAGING REACTIONS
For mild reactions, antihistamines may help. For severe reactions, use epinephrine immediately and call emergency services. Always seek medical care after using epinephrine.
6ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY
Under medical supervision, gradually increasing exposure to allergens may reduce sensitivity. FDA-approved treatment for peanut allergy (Palforzia). Not suitable for everyone.
Important: Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any treatment regimen. The solutions above are for educational purposes and may not be suitable for everyone.
Risk Factors
- Family history of allergies
- Having other allergies
- Age (more common in children)
- Asthma
- Eczema
Prevention
- Early introduction of allergens to infants may prevent some allergies
- Strict avoidance once diagnosed
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- You suspect you have a food allergy
- You experience any allergic symptoms after eating
- Symptoms are getting worse over time
- You need to discuss emergency action plans
- EMERGENCY: Use epinephrine and call 911 for severe reactions
Talk to a Healthcare Provider
If your symptoms are persistent, severe, or concerning, please consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalized advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
QCan food allergies be cured?
Currently, there's no cure. Some children outgrow allergies to milk, egg, soy, and wheat. Peanut, tree nut, fish, and shellfish allergies tend to be lifelong. Oral immunotherapy can reduce sensitivity but doesn't cure the allergy.
QWhat's the difference between food allergy and intolerance?
Food allergies involve the immune system and can be life-threatening. Food intolerances (like lactose intolerance) involve the digestive system and, while uncomfortable, aren't dangerous. Allergy testing can help distinguish between them.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Information last reviewed: January 2026
This page provides educational information only. It is not medical advice.