Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva — the thin, clear tissue that lines the inside of the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye (sclera). When the small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed, they become more visible, giving the eye a pink or red appearance. **Types of Conjunctivitis:** - **Viral Conjunctivitis** — Most common type. Caused by adenovirus (same virus as common cold). Highly contagious, often affects both eyes. - **Bacterial Conjunctivitis** — Caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, or Haemophilus. Produces thick discharge. Common in children. - **Allergic Conjunctivitis** — Triggered by allergens (pollen, dust mites, pet dander). Affects both eyes, causes intense itching. - **Chemical/Irritant Conjunctivitis** — Caused by chlorine, smoke, fumes, or foreign substances in the eye. - **Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis** — Associated with contact lens wear or ocular prostheses. **Why It's Called "Pink Eye":** The term comes from the characteristic pink or red color of the eye caused by dilated blood vessels in the inflamed conjunctiva. The redness is often the first noticeable sign.

**Viral Conjunctivitis:** No specific treatment — supportive care only. Artificial tears, cool compresses, and time. Antibiotics do NOT help viral infections. Resolves in 1-3 weeks. **Bacterial Conjunctivitis:** - Antibiotic eye drops (fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides) or ointment - Often resolves without treatment in 5-7 days, but antibiotics speed recovery and reduce contagion - Gonococcal/chlamydial conjunctivitis requires systemic antibiotics **Allergic Conjunctivitis:** - Avoid allergen triggers - Antihistamine eye drops (ketotifen, olopatadine) - Oral antihistamines - Mast cell stabilizers for chronic cases **Supportive Care (All Types):** - Artificial tears for comfort - Cool or warm compresses - Avoid contact lenses until fully resolved